To What Extent Was the Decline of the Staple Industries Essay Example

To What Extent Was the Decline of the Staple Industries Essay To what extent was the decline of the staple industries the most significant development affecting the people of Wales and England 1880 – 1929? The decline of the staple industries was a very significant development in people’s lives. Before the decline of the staple industries, Britain was known as the â€Å"workshop of the world† this was due to the fact that Britain producing 2/3 of the worlds coal, 50% of the worlds iron and 5/7 of all the worlds’ metal. This all changed when countries like Germany and the US used cheaper methods of extracting and producing these resources that Britain’s buyers looked else wear, the decline of these main industries caused a wave of job losses and other main industries to suffer. Britain lost its place as the most powerful empire; there were many reasons for this. Britain didn’t have the necessary raw materials needed for industrialisation; Britain’s farming industry couldn’t produce enough food to feed the growing population. The Liberal reforms were very significant in people’s lives. There were many reasons for why the liberals decided to reform Britain and these issues are highlighted in Booth and Rowntrees reports about people living below the poverty line. These reports tell us that if someone lost their job before the reforms they had to rely on their savings, family and friends, and the pawn brokers or depend on the poor laws which were the only sort of social protection they had. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Was the Decline of the Staple Industries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Was the Decline of the Staple Industries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Was the Decline of the Staple Industries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The government hardly ever stepped in to help people, the conservative government and member of the House of Lords all believed that if a person was poor that meant they were lazy; these reports discovered that that wasn’t the case and that in fact the majority of the poorest in society were born there. Some shocking statistics had shown that 11% of primary school children were malnourished and in 1900 the height for enlisting was reduced to 5 feet and even 50% who enlisted were in too ill health. There was a major need to reform, because working conditions needed to be improved in order to improve Britain’s employed for the future. Another significant factor that affected the people of Britain was the changing role of women in Britain. The main cause in the change to women was primarily down to world war one. The war opened up a wider range of occupations to female workers and hastened the collapse of traditional womens employment, particularly domestic service. From the 19th century to 1911, between 11 and 13 per cent of the female population in England and Wales were domestic servants. By 1931, the percentage had dropped to under eight per cent. For the middle classes, the decline of domestic servants was facilitated by the rise of domestic appliances, such as cookers, electric irons and vacuum cleaners. The popularity of labour-saving devices does not, however, explain the dramatic drop in the servant population. Middle-class women continued to clamour for servants, but working women who might previously have been enticed into service were being drawn away by alternative employment opening up to satisfy the demands of war. The number of women in the Civil Service increased from 33,000 in 1911 to 102,000 by 1921. The advantages of these alternative employments over domestic service were obvious: wages were higher, conditions better, and independence enhanced. Another reason was the general strike. The general strike was called by the TUC to support the miners in their quarrel with the mine owners, who wanted to reduce their wages by 13 per cent and increase their shifts from seven to eight hours. Workers in industries such as iron, steel and coal were encouraged to stay off work. The strike affected people across the country because these industries were at a standstill this caused the rest of the country to suffer. To conclude, I think that there were many significant factors that affected the British people and the declined of the staple industries was one of them. However, i think that the most significant factor was the war, as this affected all sexes and age groups across the country and no one was left unscathed by it.

Wind Energy and Power Optimization The WritePass Journal

Wind Energy and Power Optimization Introduction Wind Energy and Power Optimization Introduction1. Overview1.1. Wind energy1.2.  Challenges1.3 Aims and Objectives  2.  Ã‚  LITERATURE REVIEW2.1.  Introduction2.2.  Ã‚  Past Achievements2.3.  Ã‚  Current work2.4.  Ã‚  Future Prospects3.1.  Description3.2.  PSS/E3.3.  Ã‚  Spectrum Power CC3.4.  Ã‚  Comparison  4.  PLANNING4.1.  Overview:4.2.  Project Risks:4.3.  Gantt Chart  CONCLUSIONREFERENCES:APPENDIX:Related Introduction 1. Overview 1.1. Wind energy The wind energy is one of the sources of renewable energy which has many advantages over the non-conventional sources of energy. There are many topological and economical factors associated with the construction of the wind farm which decide upon the construction design of the wind turbine and the placement of the wind turbines in the farm.The main construction of the wind farm consists of the mechanical, civil costs and electrical costs. In construction of the wind turbines there are different types and designs of turbines used depending on the location, topography and the power output. The wind turbine generators convert kinetic energy of the wind into the electrical energy. Different types of generators are used in the conversion according to the application and the requirements. 1.2.  Challenges A single wind turbine is connected into the array of many wind turbines to form a wind farm which is utilized to generate electrical energy.   The main consideration with the wind farm is the cost of installation and the power quality. Due to the non availability of the constant wind at all times the energy was highly unreliable, but due the new power electronic converter devices and manufacturing of the doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) the engineers have been able to overcome the problem. The power quality is the primary concern when the energy generated from the wind farm is connected to the main grid .The voltage unbalance at Bus-Bar, voltage fluctuations and reliability are the issues of prime concern in the power quality. The main problems related to the power quality in the wind farm are: 1) Steady State voltage impact: It is the most common problem which is mostly related to the source and load of electric power. Due voltage drop in the line because of the presence of impedance there are voltage drops, which must be kept under the limits to avoid failure. 2) Dynamic voltage variations: The cause for the dynamic voltage variations is the same steady state voltage variations but they are studied for a shorter time intervals of seconds or fraction of second. These can be reduced by introducing variable wind speed system or by controlling the reactive power. 3) Harmonic Distortion: In the electric System due to non-linear loads and the power electronic devices there are distortions in the pure sine wave. 4)   Voltage Transients: When an induction machine or a capacitor bank is connected in the system, the high currents are observed which might cause disturbance in the grid. The need of the optimization in the wind farms is a need, to make the technology more efficient and more reliable. There are many tools used for the simulation of the wind farm but the tools used for the wind park grid connection optimization are the PSS/E and Spectrum Power CC which contains a module for the power system optimization. 1.3 Aims and Objectives â€Å"Wind Park Grid Connection Power Optimization† In the wind farm design a typical on/offshore substation which consists of the switchable reactive components and transformer tap changers should be modeled within a power system simulation package and replicated in the Siemens SCADA (Supervisory control and Data Acquisition) system using the software Spectrum Power CC. The SCADA contains a module for power system optimization which has not been explored by the Siemens, the software has to be verified for the optimization of the wind farm and then the modeling is to be done which is achieved by proper learning of the software and implementation of the same in the real time SCADA software. The results obtained from the network optimization algorithm model Vs SCADA system are to be verified and analyzed and based on the analysis the improvements or alternatives are proposed for further enhancement. In the past due to the limited work on the software, exploring of the tools and techniques in the software is another key motive in the process which will not only solve the optimization problem but will be beneficiary for future developments. However there are optimization tools developed using the Generic Algorithm for improving the reliability of the system.   2.  Ã‚  LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1.  Introduction The wind energy is now one of the major sources of energy. Different designs of the turbines have been introduced to improve the reliability of the system. The main parameters which are taken into consideration in designing of the wind farms is the energy output, cost efficiency, the impact on the environment and the impact on the electric grid which mainly includes the integration into the existing electrical system and the power quality issues. These factors must be fulfilled before connecting into the main network to keep the existing system operational. In the process of designing the actual system of the wind farms the modeling of the proposed design which is an important factor in the basic structure of the turbine, type of blades, turbine used etc. The analysis of both the mechanical and electrical properties of the structure of the wind turbine is done using different modeling tools like PSCAD, PSS/E, Dig Silent etc.[7][8] 2.2.  Ã‚  Past Achievements Power quality in the wind turbines is the important area of concern and assurance of the protection from all the disturbances has to be made to ensure the protection of the grid. The main power quality standards are static voltage level, voltage fluctuations, voltage transients, voltage harmonic distortion, voltage unbalance and voltage supply interruptions. In the past the fixed speed electric turbines were used but now due to their drawbacks main being the inefficient control of the reactive power and power quality problems the variable speed turbines have been developed. A variable speed turbine keeps the generator torque constant and the speed changes which results in constant power in the system which is the essential requirement. There are many power electronic devices which are used in combination with the induction machine and the synchronous machine. The structures developed in the modeling of the wind turbines are used in the analysis between the electrical and the mechanical structure of the wind-farm and also help in the dynamics interaction of the wind farm and electrical grid which enables the design engineers and owners to make an adequate study before the installation of the wind- farm. [1][2] Various models have been developed earlier for specific studies in the wind turbine functioning using the Dig Silent and PSS/E software. Various calculations are performed by the utility engineers like the load flow analysis and the transient analysis of the models developed. The main objective of the load flow calculations is to identify the flows in the transmission lines, transformers and the voltage at different buses or nodes which is an integral planning of the planning and the design of the wind farm. The calculations are done under different scenarios to satisfy the conditions. The transient stability studies are done to calculate the transient response of the system under the disturbances. The synchronism, the damping of the oscillations of the machines are examined which play a vital role in the planning and interconnection of the wind farm. [4][9] 2.3.  Ã‚  Current work Many studies have been conducted on the stability of the wind-farms, but referring to the paper by David T.Johnsen on â€Å"Optimisation of the fault ride through strategy of a wind farm† which explains the optimisation and also the dynamic stability of the wind-farm by developing a procedure for an optimal fault ride through strategy for the wind farms. The dynamic simulations are developed and modeled in PSSE which illustrates the possibility of increasing the capacity of the wind farm by optimal fault ride through settings. â€Å"The operational characteristics of the wind farm are optimised by adjusting the parameter settings of a model of a simplified PQ-generator while simulating in PSSE†. From the article it is observed that the â€Å"wind-farm consists of radial connection, consisting of two parallel and identical 132 Kv branches which are connected to a high level wind penetration†. Apart from the two wind farms an† additional wind farm (WF2)† is connected which is represented in the network by the â€Å"generic PSS/E model of a full converter turbine or a simple P-Q generator which represents as ideal power source.† The settings of the P-Q generator can be modified in the simulation by adjusting the active and reactive power in the system. To increase the stability and the loss of synchronism the â€Å"active power injection must be reduced to a low active power level as soon as the voltage dip is detected and a high value of reactive power during the fault incre ases the transferable limit of the active power during and after the fault. â€Å" In the conclusion of the paper it is seen that the comparisons between the response of the â€Å"P-Q generator and generic FCWT model† illustrates that it possible for the â€Å"P-Q generator to successfully ride through the fault while the generic FCWT trips.† â€Å"The main concerns regarding the dynamic power response in the process of optimisation are as follows: 1. The active power must be severely constrained during the fault sequence. 2. The maximum reactive power production has to be high and fast responding.† Hence it is concluded from the paper that the fault ride through strategy can improve the capacity and the electric grid quality in the wind-farm. [3] In an optimization model developed by the Strategic Energy Institute (Georgia Institute of technology) there are some input parameters like wind speed, Weibull parameter, investment, efficiency of generator and gearbox, speed etc and output parameters as optimal rotor diameter, optimal generator capacity, optimal RPM, torque and power produced. These parameters are drawn into a flowchart which consists of a wind turbine design optimization model. [10] 2.4.  Ã‚  Future Prospects The IEEE research paper on â€Å"Optimization of Electrical Connection Scheme for Large Offshore Wind Farm with Genetic Algorithm â€Å"at the Sustainable Power Generation and Supply (2009) represents a way of power system optimisation by Generic Algorithm .An analysis on an off-shore wind farm is made in which the optimisation of the electrical connection is converted into the factors of the â€Å"voltage level inside the farm, the voltage levels of substation, number of substations, location of substations, connection topology of substation and turbines†. Due to their non-linearity the optimization is done by Generic Algorithm and the analysis is done in the paper. [6] A research paper presented in the Nordic workshop on Power and industrial electronics (2004) on Optimization of electrical system for a large DC offshore wind farm by Generic Algorithm† proposes an optimization based on Generic Algorithm where the input parameters are used as technical data and are optimised for minimum cost and maximum reliability. Based on the theory of natural evolution a Generic is developed which consists of â€Å"population of bit strings transformed into three genetic operators’ selection, crossover and mutation.† An optimization model is developed which computes cost and the reliability. The model consists of the input data, some rules, cost calculation, reliability evaluation and an optimum configuration with the help of generic algorithm. In the genetic optimization the â€Å"encoding and decoding of the chromosomes† is done which leads to computation of the cost and reliability, finally the mutation operator is used to improve th e execution of the Generic Algorithm. [14] In another IEEE paper by Kusiak.A et al (2010) â€Å"Optimization of Wind Turbine Performance With Data-Driven Models† a multi objective optimisation function is made which represents the wind power output, the vibrations in the train and the vibration in the tower to determine the wind turbine functioning. The concept of neural networks, an ES algorithm â€Å"the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA)† is used solving the model. The results obtained state that the vibration mitigation and power maximization can be done by adjusting the generator torque and blade pitch angle. [5] In the â€Å"Small Wind Off-Grid System Optimization Regarding Wind Turbine Power Curve† paper by Ã…  imić.Z and MikuliÄ ić.V (IEEE) there is another small hybrid off-grid system in which there is discussion on the impact of the power curve on the cost of the energy and amount of energy produced. The â€Å"HOMER micro power optimizing tool â€Å"was used for the optimisation, wind speed data was varied and the results were analyzed. 3.  Ã‚  METHODODLOGY 3.1.  Description In the project as the simulations of the wind farm are to be carried out in the software package, the studying of the wind model layout is the prime important step which includes the components and specifications. The layout of the wind farm design mainly consists of an array of wind turbines, the electrical connections, on/off shore substation, transformer, On -Load Tap changers, Phase -to -Phase voltage controllers and shunt capacitor banks to improve the voltage quality of the system. 3.2.  PSS/E The optimal power flow software PSS/E is used in the analysis in which all the components are modeled and all the results are recorded. A brief description of the software is as follows: PSS/E (Power System Simulation for Engineering): â€Å"Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS/E) is the major tool used in the course of the project which consists of a set of programs for studies of power system transmission and generation behavior in both steady state and dynamic situations. It can be used as a tool to analyze the power flow and the related network functions, the optimal power flow, balanced and unbalanced faults, network equivalent construction, as well as dynamic simulation. The main software used is the Power System Simulator for engineering optimal power flow from Siemens which improves the overall efficiency and output of the system in addition to the normal power flow. The software is mainly used for the today’s challenges of the regulated power supply which are as follows: Reactive power scheduling Voltage collapse analysis Transfer capability investigation Location based marginal cost assessment Ancillary service opportunity cost assessment Impact assessment Base case development Congestion analysis† *The Above content is taken from the user manual of the Software PSS/E. [11] As the software has been used earlier in the analysis of the power system so learning and implementing the software would not be a very difficult task and the analysis can be carried out using the manuals and other research material provided on the internet. 3.3.  Ã‚  Spectrum Power CC In the second and the important part of the project the same wind farm simulation model is modeled in the Siemens Spectrum Power CC software using the SCADA, the Distribution Network Analysis (DNA) which consists of Distribution system power flow (DSPF), Distribution System State Estimator (DSSE), Short Term Load Scheduler (STLS), Fault Management and Volt-Var Control(VCC). The brief description of the software from the Siemens software reference manual of the Power Spectrum CC is as follows: â€Å"Distribution Network Analyses (DNA) supports the following features: Effective and efficient control of distribution networks   Increased supply quality and reliability Optimal use of network equipment Minimization of network losses Detection and elimination of overloads in time Efficient fault management The elements which are to be used in the software for the analysis of the system along their main functions which are an integral part of the Spectrum Power CC Distribution Network Analysis are: 1) Distribution System Power Flow(DSPF): â€Å"DSPF is mainly used to calculate the network status in the system configuration. The power flow solution calculates the voltages at all the bus-bars, the power and the reactive power at all the buses. The flows in the network are the most important parameters in the simulation. The limits of the system are analyzed and suitable optimization technique is used.† 2) Distribution State Estimator(DSSE): â€Å"DSSE is mainly used for the real-time monitoring, control and optimization of the model. It estimates the active and reactive power values and corrects the data by using the techniques of mismatching of information. â€Å" DSSE integrates the optimization process with the optimal power flow to calculate the flows which are then used to monitor the real time operation of the network. 3) Short Term Load Scheduler(STLS): â€Å"STLS tracks the active and reactive power management of the power system loads and maintains the consumption for the loads in the network into a database.   â€Å" 4) Fault Management: â€Å"The main application of the Fault management is location of the fault, the fault isolation and service restoration. The fault management consists of: Fault location Locating the faulty section or area of the network as closely as possible Fault isolation Isolating the faulty section or area of the network Service restoration Restoring power to de-energized non-faulty areas of the network 5)   Volt-Var Control(VVC): â€Å"Volt-Var Control (VCC) deals with the operations on the transformer with on-load tap changers, phase-to phase voltage controllers and shunt capacitors to improve the network operations. The main task is to improve the overall reliability and quality of the network. VCC works on two operating modes: Open loop: The settings after running the flow are not automatically executed; they are reviewed by the user. Closed Loop: The settings after running the flow are automatically executed after VCC calculation.† The main objectives which are to be fulfilled after the optimization of the system mainly consists of: 1) Minimize limit violations. 2)   Minimize power losses and limit violations. 3) Minimize active power consumption and limit violations. 4) Minimize reactive power consumption and limit violations. 5) Maximize power revenue and minimize limit violations. *(The description of the software has been taken from the reference manuals provided by Siemens .It has been edited and modified according to the data required, but still Quoted to be on safer side.)[12] The above tools in the software are studied and then analyzed as the software is used for the optimal power flow for the first time, so understanding the software is a difficult task which may consume a lot of time and may require a lot of help from the external sources. If the results are required results not obtained on the software then if will become more challenging, and have to take the help of the specific team involved in creation of the power system optimisation tool in the software, which may include taking help from Siemens, Germany. Replicating the power system model on the software won’t be a challenging task, if all the main functions are studied and learned in detail. The results may be then obtained if the simulation is successfully modeled in the software. 3.4.  Ã‚  Comparison In the last step results of both the simulations will be compared and the analysis of the results obtained is done separately for both the softwares. The drawbacks of the Distribution Network Analysis software will be studied based on the results obtained from the comparison of the data obtained after running the simulations. A suitable alternative is then proposed, supporting the simulation and improvements in the design are implemented to obtain the desired results. The proper explanations of the improvements supporting the outcomes are made as the improvements proposed in the software are then implemented by the engineers without the power system background.   4.  PLANNING 4.1.  Overview: The project work has been planned and divided into a timeline which has been shown in the Gantt chart as attached in the report. The project plan is made keeping in mind some delays due to the unavoidable circumstances and will be effective from the initiation till the completion of the project. 4.2.  Project Risks: In the Project as the modeling tools have to be used in the simulation of the wind  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   farm so the availability of the software is a major concern. The power system optimization software PSS/E is available which won’t be a concern. As the software is complex and difficult to understand so it may take a longer time to understand the working. The help of the PhD students will be taken and the simulation will be made as simple as possible to remove the complexity from the model as it has to be modeled in a short duration. If necessary the use of simple optimization tools would be done like Dig SILENT, Power world Simulator etc. In the another modeling software Spectrum Power CC provided by Siemens, the power optimization module in the software on which the simulation is mainly based is new, which may consume a lot of time learning the software, therefore suitable training will be taken by the experts so that, I can easily adapt the software and proceed with the work. The difficulties faced will be rectified by the Siemens Technical Team and PhD students at The University Of Manchester which will lead to the success of the project. 4.3.  Gantt Chart   Risk Assessment Form Dissertation Project: â€Å"Wind Park Grid Connection Power Optimization† Risk Description Effect on the project Action Required Non Availability of PC The postponement of the project Immediate availability of another PC Non Availability of Software Difficulty in modeling. Immediate availability or some alternative modeling tool. Data Crash A data backup is created. A backup has to be created. Power system optimization software use Due to the non-familiarity longer time to learn the software. Modeling will be kept simple and the help of PhD students would be taken for modeling. SCADA software interface Due the first time use of optimization module there may be delays. Help of specialized team is expected.    CONCLUSION In the feasibility study above the methodology of the dissertation project is explained. The literature review highlights all the work done and the future prospects of the work that can be done in the research are. The project planning consists of the Gantt chart which is a layout of the working of the project which includes all the risks and different challenges during the project. REFERENCES: 1)    Eriksson.K .et al.(n.d.), â€Å" System Approach On Designing An Offshore Wind Power Grid Connection† http://www05.abb.com/global/scot/scot221.nsf/veritydisplay/34ec041beda66334c1256fda004c8cc0/$file/03mc0132%20rev.%2000.pdf 2)    Hanson.J and Hunger.T (n.d.) â€Å"Network Studies for Offshore Wind Farm Grid Connections Technical Need and Commercial Optimization â€Å"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2004ewec.info/files/23_1400_juttahanson_01.pdf 3)   Johnsen.D .et al. (n.d.) â€Å"Optimisation of the fault ride through strategy of a wind farm† frontwind.com/Paper%20Master%20Thesis.pdf 4)   Kazachkov.Y and Stapleton.S (2004), â€Å"Modeling Wind Farms for Power System Stability Studies† https://www.ptius.com/pti/company/eNewsletter/2004April/Modeling%20Wind%20Farms%20for%20Power%20System%20Stability%20Studies.pdf 5)    Kusiak.A .et al. (2010)   â€Å"Optimization of Wind Turbine Performance With Data-Driven Models† IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, VOL. 1, NO. 2, JULY 2010 icaen.uiowa.edu/~ankusiak/Journal-papers/IEEE_2010_2.pdf 6)   Lingling.H, Yang.F and Xiaoming.G(2009) â€Å"Optimization of Electrical Connection Scheme for Large Offshore Wind Farm with Genetic Algorithm†Ã‚  Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, 2009. SUPERGEN 09  Ã‚   10.1109/SUPERGEN.2009.5348118 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=5348118 7)   Petru.T (2001), â€Å"Modeling of Wind Turbines for Power System Studies† http://webfiles.portal.chalmers.se/et/Lic/PetruTomasLic.pdf 8)   Petru.T and Thiringer.T (2002)   â€Å"Modeling of Wind Turbines for Power System Studies† IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 17, NO.4   http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=arnumber=1137604 9)   Sayedi.M (2009),†Evaluation of the DFIG Wind Turbine Built-in Model in PSSE†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://webfiles.portal.chalmers.se/et/MSc/SeyediMohammadMSc.pdf 10)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schmidt.M â€Å"Wind Turbine design Optimization† Strategic Energy Institute(Georgia Institute of Technology) . clemson.edu/scies/wind/Poster-Schmidt.pdf 11)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Siemens   Energy manual Guide for PSS/E â€Å"(Available on internet) energy.siemens.com/us/en/services/power-transmission-distribution/power-technologies-international/software-solutions/pss-e.htm 12)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Spectrum Power CC Manual†, Siemens Germany 13)   Ã…  imić.Z and MikuliÄ ić.V (n.d.) â€Å"Small Wind Off-Grid System Optimization Regarding Wind Turbine Power Curve† an IEEE paper. http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/309501.Small_Wind_OffGrid_ZS_final.pdf 14)   Zhao.M, Chen.Z and Blaabjerg.F (2004) â€Å"Optimization of Electrical System for a Large DC Offshore Wind Farm by Genetic Algorithm â€Å" NORDIC WORKSHOP ON POWER AND INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2004 – 037 APPENDIX: General Risk Assessment Form Date: (1) 11/5/2011 Assessed by: (2) Rajat Aggarwal Checked / Validated* by: (3)Martin Lorimer Location:   (4) Siemens, Manchester Assessment ref no (5) Review date: (6) Task / premises: (7) Wind Park Grid Connection Power Optimization :Modeling of Power system Activity (8) Hazard (9) Who might be harmed and how (10) Existing measures to control risk (11) Risk rating (12) Result (13) Continuous use of computer Eyes pain , back pain , Headache Myself , May lead to fatigue Proper Precautions while using computer Low T Computer crash Data crash Delay in project Data backup Medium A Fire Damage to the company Company working may be harmed Fire Safety Equipments Medium A

Biography of Henry Ford Essays - Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion

Biography of Henry Ford Henry Ford was one of the most brilliant entrepreneurs in creating the automobile assembly line, it was his controversial characteristics and unorthodox approach towards administrating the Ford Motor Company which resulted in the conglomeration of one of the most successful corporations in the world. At the turn of the century everything was booming! The growth of the economy and stock market increased the job opportunities as well as morals. As a result of this industrial revolution, out of the woodwork came a humble yet driven man, Henry Ford. Between the five dollar/day plan, his policies on administrating the company, and his relations with his customers, Ford was often presented as a suspicious character. This controversial behavior epitomized the success of the company, it did not lead to his own downfall as many suspect. The Anti-Semitic accusations, and the belief that Ford was taking advantage of his customers, were by far overshadowed by his brilliance and strong hand in running his company. Of course, there were not always supporters of Henry Ford. If fact, there were many critics, critics who believed that Henry Ford was so controversial that it prevented the potential of Fords from becoming greater than it is today. By the mid twenties the Fords was already the worlds most successful automobile company, but their great reputation would soon decline. Fords $5/day plan for all employees signified the overwhelming success of the company. Many believed this success was short-lived with the new policies dealing with the workers which soon followed. With the need to increase production and lower costs, in the mid 30s Ford cut all Ford workers wages in half. Workers were expected to work faster, and harder. Department heads were ordered to ban all talking and whistling while work was in progress. All of this was a ploy by Ford to make sure he knew every move of his workers, he was very possessive. Secondly, Ford began to fire older workers and hire younger workers. His ideology was that the younger workers could work more productively and more efficiently. Which in turn would send more money flowing into his pockets. What resulted was quite humorous in fact. Black hair dye became a hot seller in the Detroit area . Older workers tried to disguise their age by dying their hair black. Fords manipulation of his workers was immoral and unjust. There was no industrial democracy, workers were forced to do what they were told or would be out of a job. Henry Fords controversial behavior reflected badly on himself and on the Ford Motor Company. The Anti-Semitic views expressed by Henry Ford could never be denied. It was common knowledge in fact that Henry Ford was prejudice. He wrote an article in the Dearborn Independent expressing his ideas that Jews were the cause of many peoples problems. Henry Ford was sued by a man by the name Aaron Sapiro in the early 1930s. Sapiro had evidence that Ford threatened himself with Anti-Semitic sentiments. Ford was recorded as saying, Sapiro is a shrewd little Jew. The bible says Jews will return to Palestine, but they want to get all the money out of America first. Sapiro should be kicked out because he is trash.. The result of the trial was humiliation for the Ford company and Henry Ford himself. After a hung jury in the first trial, the case was dropped when Ford wrote a lengthy retraction and apologized for his statements. Fords was declining in profits and production among the worlds best. All as a result of Henry Fords ego. Thus, by 1931 Ford lowered in the ranks, controlling only 28% of the market 2nd to GM with 31%. Henry Ford was the godfather of the automobile industry in the early 1900s. The development of his River Rouge plant was considered a industrial Cathedral. Hundreds waited month after month in front of the employment building hoping to be hired. To foreign immigrants it meant hope and a successful future. The River Rouge plant employed over 50,000 employees. Pols, Lithuanians, Germans, almost every western Europe country could be represented at the Ford Plant. Like a father Henry Ford began educational programs, teaching his illiterate employees how

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL THROUGH MULTI AGENT SYSTEM WITH DATA MINING Research Paper

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL THROUGH MULTI AGENT SYSTEM WITH DATA MINING - Research Paper Example a practically implemented research model for the information retrieval using Multi-Agent System with Data Mining technique in a Cloud Computing environment. The paper will undertake a review of the existing literature available on this arena and develop an empirical model showing real time data flow through MAS with data mining after retrieval of meaningful information from data warehouse present in a cloud computing environment. In the end, paper will provide recommendations for the organizations for effective implementation and use. Cloud Computing is a general term that refers to anything that â€Å"involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. Broadly it is characterized into three categories, namely: Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)† (‘CloudComputing’, 2007). In the present age and knowledge economy, discovering new knowledge and retrieving information from a data center from a cloud environment is a difficult aspect. The concept of cloud computing does not provide facilities for the knowledge discovery and information retrieval. Furthermore, it is required that the so-called knowledge discovery should be in harmony with the structure, schema and architecture of that knowledge. The emerging knowledge cloud is considered insufficient to retrieve information effectively and thus, Chang, Yang and Luo (2011) undertook a study to propose "an ontology-based agent generation framework for information retrieval in a flexible, transparent and easy way on cloud environment† (p.1135). They proposed a framework for information retrieval in which the user will submit "a flat-test based† request to retrieve â€Å"information on a cloud environment†, the request will be â€Å"deduced by a Reasoning Agent automatically that is accord ing to a predefined ontology and a reasoning rule and then translated to a Mobile Information Retrieving Agent Description File (MIRADF) that is formed in a proposed

Retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retailing - Assignment Example The responsive nature of the store representatives also added to the shopping experience although the retailer could do more with the displays and other equipment to provide a more engaging shopping experience to its consumers. 2. Retail strategy is a combination of the retail mix and the external environment. The chosen retailer had a department store particularly targeting towards its traditional as well as its well-informed consumers that are aware of the trends. With the ambience of the store, it was evident that the store was equally welcoming to any new and existing customers, thereby especially focusing their product mix at the traditional and well informed market segment. A key strength for the store was its helpful staff that could win consumers by being attentive to their problems and to respond to them in helping ways. However, the amount of technical equipment to keep the customers entertained were lacking although this could help the store attain a sustainable competitive advantage by maintaining customer loyalty. 3. The stores of our chosen retailer are located in a clean local neighborhood with minimal obstructions along the way to the store. The road patterns are steady and clear that add comfort to the journey to the store. The roads and footpath outside the store appears quite decent although improvements could be made. The inviting window display was attractive and visible so that consumers could figure out the location of the store. The surrounding area was also well planned although there was room for improvement. The parking lot was located near the store and a pathway lead customers to the store. The space in the parking lot was enough to accommodate an ample amount of cars although some peak seasons may experience traffic and congestion. Overall, the store had relatively easy accessibility with smoothly flowing traffic nearby, and easy

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Example for Free

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Argument for the use of consensual relationship agreements (CRAs) in my current (or future) workplace Consensual Relationship Agreement (CRA) is a contract that both employees involved a romantic relationship sign to acknowledge that their relationship is voluntary and that they will abide by the policies of the company regarding anti-harassment and anti-discrimination. (Hellriegel Slocum ,2011). Office romance should be addressed in a more constructive and professional way just like behaviors such as attendance, dress codes, and non-disclosure agreements. If one can argue that it is perfectly acceptable for employees with personal challenges (such as death in the family, childbirth, sick family member) to receive assistance and, support in the form of personal time-off from work then it must be reasonable for other employees who become romantically involved to get some type of support from their employers. The risks of office romance can better be mitigated if the risk factors are known and managed. So, for example, lawsuits from employees who claim they were coerced into an office romance and disadvantaged by it would be avoided because employees signed the CRAs of their own volition. Allegations from other employees of real or imagined favoritism from a supervisor to a subordinate with whom he or she is romantically involved would be averted because HR would have already taken steps to ensure this does not happen. By creating a mechanism which provides specific and detailed guidelines for professional workplace behavior, HR professionals are able to educate and caution employees about appropriate or inappropriate workplace etiquettes. Privacy issues or lack thereof, as related to dating in the workplace would also be appropriately addressed with the employees involved so they cannot claim that were unfairly treated. Another compelling reason why one should argue for CRAs in their workplaces is that in light of the legal ramifications of the rights of employees in the workplace, CRAs become an expedient and prudent way to protect the interest of an organization and simultaneously provide safe and meaningful ways for employees to freely explore and express their sentiments for others who might feel the same way. Organizations spend a lot of time and resources on strategic planning and forecasting. The purpose of such planning is to position the organization to accomplish two major goals: stay abreast with, or ahead of, the competitive marketplace and change current processes and approaches that are not yielding desired, or expected results. These are proactive steps to assure progress and success. CRAs facilitate and enhance such strategic plans by staying ahead of a changing workplace in the modern age and ensuring that valuable human resources will not be lost and thereby jeopardize more important organizational goals and objectives. CRAs provide a framework for responsible behavior by employees, particularly, supervisors. It fosters a win-win work environment for employees who happen to be romantically involved with each other and for employers to provide guidance and direction for appropriate workplace behavioral expectations. By bringing the relationship into the open the employees involved would not feel pressure to go to great lengths to hide their relationship and could focus on being productive. Conversely, these employees would become pre-occupied with finding ways to hide their relationships if the company did not encourage workplace romance. Create a counter argument against the use of CRAs in your current (or future) workplace. Office romance must be forbidden in the workplace because it simply raises too many avoidable issues in the workplace. By its very nature, office romance predisposes employees involved to compromise their rational objective behaviors because their non-objective emotional senses tend to dominate their thoughts and actions. Romantic relationships are the result of spontaneous human behavior; they are not preconceived and therefore cannot be regulated or contained by contracts. Making CRAs a condition for employment is also not a good idea because, over time, the restrictions become unbearable and the parties involved find out that they are better off in different organizations where their actions and whereabouts will no longer be scrutinized by an assigned HR person. CRAs are tantamount to indirect employment agreement in that they indirectly impose restrictions on the individuals involved in the relationship and seek to protect the interest of the organization at the expense of the people who happen to be emotionally attracted to each other and choose to express those sentiments in an open and liberating way. CRAs simply become ineffective tools because the employees who even agree to sign them often find ways to secretly engage in behaviors that result in lapses in judgment because they are emotionally charged. In many respects, CRAs are intrusive and inherently designed to discourage workplace romance. By their very nature they put restrictions on a human behavior that is designed to be spontaneous and natural. Organizations are not equipped to handle issues of the heart and neither should they start now. Organizations need to focus on what they do best, increasing shareholder value and accomplishing other strategic goals and objectives. Discuss the ethical principles involved in the use of CRAs. There are many perspectives and convictions about what is, or is not ethical. However, there are no universally accepted principles and rules for resolving all ethical issues (Hellriegel Slocum ,2011). In a country with such great freedom of expression, one can only imagine the diversity of opinions and positions regarding the factors that drive people’s decisions and formulate their ethics. The range of such factors is as wide as the differences in people and this is reflected in the diversity of ethical principles. However, for the purposes of this paper only a handful of relevant ethics based principles Utilitarian, Professional Standards, Disclosure and Distributive principles will be considered: Utilitarian principle focuses on the magnitude, extent and impact of harm versus good of decisions that are made. The final decision is predicated on the weight of good versus bad – the greatest good for the greatest number (Hellriegel Slocum , 2011). On the basis of this principle, CRAs are believed to generate more good than harm for those who choose to engage in office romance. Disclosure Principle – This principle focuses on how most people in society will react to the details of a decision when it becomes public knowledge. Most organizations take social responsibility very seriously and will do their very best to garner positive public image. Consequently CRAs are viewed favorably by such organizations. Distributive Principle – This principle is predicated on fairness. The thrust of CRAs is a win-win arrangement for both the organization and the individual because most organizations generally perceive CRAs to be fair. Create at least one (1) other option besides CRAs that would address workplace romances. The only other option for workplace romances that may be plausible is for the organization to develop a set of policies based on the organization interest principle which focuses on the basis of what is good for the organization (Hellriegel Slocum , 2011). With this option, employees are expected to disclose any potential or actual conflict interest to the human resource professional within the organization. Conflict of interest covers a broad range of behaviors; however, this paper will focus on personal conflict of interest which stresses zero tolerance for discrimination and sexual harassment. This alternative approach to workplace romances would requires that an employee may not supervise someone with whom they have a close personal relationship such as anyone in their family, household or someone with whom they have or had a romantic relationship or other close personal relationship. Additionally, if one were to supervise someone even indirectly with whom they had one of the relationships described above, one must disclose the relationship promptly. Any acts of discrimination, sexual harassment or other harassment based on race, color, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation would be addressed under a zero tolerance policy.

Legitimizing Final Causes :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites The word "telos" in ancient Greek meant: "goal, target, mission, completion, perfection". The Greeks seem to have associated the attaining of a goal with perfection. Modern scientific thought is much less sanguine about teleology, the belief that causes are preceded by their effects. The idea is less zany than it sounds. It was Aristotle who postulated the existence of four types of causes. It all started with the attempt to differentiate explanatory theories from theories concerning the nature of explanation (and the nature of explanatory theories). To explain is to provoke an understanding in a listener as to why and how something is as it is. Thales, Empedocles and Anaxagoras were mostly concerned with offering explanations to natural phenomena. The very idea that there must be an explanation is revolutionary. We are so used to it that we fail to see its extraordinary nature. Why not assume that everything is precisely as it is because this is how it should be, or because there is no better way (Leibnitz), or because someone designed it this way (religious thought)? Plato carried this revolution further by seeking not only to explain things - but also to construct a systematic, connective epistemology. His Forms and Ideas are (not so primitive) attempts to elucidate the mechanism which we employ to cope with the world of things, on the one hand, and the vessels throu gh which the world impresses itself upon us, on the other hand. Aristotle made this distinction explicit: he said that there is a difference between the chains of causes of effects (what leads to what by way of causation) and the enquiry regarding the very nature of causation and causality. In this text, we will use the word causation in the sense of: "the action of causes that brings on their effects" and causality as: "the relation between causes and their effects". Studying this subtle distinction, Aristotle came across his "four causes". All, according to him, could be employed in explaining the world of natural phenomena. This is his point of departure from modern science. Current science does not admit the possibility of a final cause in action. But, first things first. The formal cause is why a thing is the type of thing that it is. The material cause is the matter in which the formal reason is impressed.

Employee Training and Career Development

â€Å"The biggest job we have is to teach a newly hired employee how to fail intelligently. We have to train him to experiment over and over and to keep on trying and failing until he learns what will work,† (Kettering, 2010). Employee training is important in any job if an employer wants to be sure the job is done correctly. Training can help further an employee’s career because he or she will get better at his or her current job so the employee needs a new challenge. Career development is an employee’s responsibility so if they want to continue in the same company, they must think long-term when they first start. If you wish to achieve worthwhile things in your personal and career life, you must become a worthwhile person in your own self-development,† (Tracy, 2010). In this paper the subjects discussed are the role of training in an organization’s development, different employee development methods, relationship between employee development and organizational development, and the role of human resource management in career development. The role of training in an organization development is making the employee a better work for better productivity in the organization. Training involves changing skills, knowledge, attitudes, or behavior. Organizations spend billions of dollars on formal courses and training programs to develop worker’s skills. When organization spends that amount on money, they want to get the most out of their money. An organization wants to make a better employee to help the organization so the company does not want to waste money on training. Typically an organization will test an applicant to see if the skills the organization is looking for match what the applicant holds. An organization will sometimes take an applicant who holds the best matched skills for the job and that way the organization does not have to spend too much money on training. If an applicant holds a degree in human resources, it is not possible for him or her to go out and do the job compared to someone who has been trained in the company so it will take on-the-job training to get their skills up to what the organization needs. Training is a need in any job for an employee who just comes into the job or even when a new program comes out because the employee will need to know how to use the program. Employee development consists of six different methods. Job rotation is a method where employees moved from various jobs in the organization. This helps employees expand their skill, knowledge, and abilities. This can help with broadening an employee’s exposure about what the companies different operations are within the company. This can help with reducing boredom and stimulate development of new ideas. Assistant-to positions are employees with demonstrated potential to work under a successful manager. This type of method work as assistants on special boards, these individuals will perform many duties under supervision. This helps with employees experiencing a wide variety of management activities, and will help with moving them to the next level in their career. Committee assignment allows employees to share in decision making, learn by watching others and investigate specific organizational problems. This is a temporary committee that is assigned to solve a problem in the organization to recommend a solution. These can become permanent positions that can increase the employee’s exposure to other employees in the organization. Lecture courses and seminars revolve around formal instruction. These help acquire knowledge and develop their conceptual and analytical abilities. Through the development of training and technology this type of development is not just offered off-the-job but through distant learning. Simulations are artificial environment that attempts to closely mirror a real problem. Case studies have become popular because these can take real situations that have accrued and attempt to find the right solution that fit the problem. Case studies help develop discussions among the group and help let people defend their reason for finding that solution. Another form of simulations are decision games and role-playing, this puts people in the same place as the problem. When using a computer to decide this decision, they can see what happens with the decision they chose without seeing the reactions of actual people. Role playing lets people act these problems out and deal with people. This lets people put their words to action and find how their actions can affect those around them. This type of development method allows people to simulate the situation, see how deal with certain situations and how the decision chosen can turn out. Outdoor training is the last development method. This method can sometimes be referred to as wilderness or survival training. The importance of this training is work as a team player; it involves some physical and emotional challenges. This helps see how certain employees will handle certain situations and help employees become better leaders. In today’s society most employees do not stand alone because there is usually a team for everything inside an organization. These are the six different employee development methods and the benefits. There are always differences and similarities between employee development and organizational development. Employee development deals with individuals’ on-their-own and organizational development deals with the whole organization as a team. When developing the individual’s and making him or her better for the organization, then the organization needs to be better to deal with the differences in every team member. In an organization there are always changes inside because new employees come in and others leave so the diversity and improvements must be developed. Employee and organization development both work on long-term changes in attitudes and values among the team members. As long as there is open communication between all team members; then most problems can be solved and continuing to develop employee and the organizations developments. Career development is put on individuals themselves. Human resource management use to provide information to assist employees in advancing their work lives. Human resource management would usually give assessment test to see where individuals stood in their career goals. Career development helped organizations attract and retain highly talented personnel. Human resource management no longer in today’s society have a big role in an employee’s own career development, it is left up to the individual. As for my own career I hope to find a job that I enjoy, and can learn new things every day. I do not want to get into a field where it will become boring that is why I choose to go into human resources. I believe that even though you do about the same tasks you are always learning new things in your job and deal with different people for different reasons. I want to own a business but in today’s economy it looks like a long-term plan for now. I want to work for a company that has a large diversity of people. I will continue my education until I run out of things to learn at school or until I find a career that I need to take specific classes to further my career. I know in the past I have worked for a diverse workforce and knew my company would have helped my education had I wanted to do that. An organization has a job of not only developing an employee but also the organization. Employee development and organization development has a benefit of making each team member better, so that team will continue to develop. There is a different role that human resource management plays in career development, but it is put on the employee to find out those options. This paper discussed several subjects about the role in training in an organization, employee development methods and benefits, the relationship between employee development and organizational development, and the role in human resource management in career development.

Lowry’s The Giver

Character isolationism and the struggles surrounding solitude are recurring themes in many great pieces of literature. Lowry’s The Giver is an excellent work of contemporary fiction whose main character, Jonas, struggles with such a burden. In order to properly identify character relationships of isolation, I will compare and contrast The Giver with two other well-known pieces of adolescent literature: The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton and Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. Jonas, in The Giver, views his hometown as the perfect place, a utopia that is self-contained and free of ruinous element such as conflict, illness, divorce, and inequality. He comes from a loving, demonstrative family unit: father, mother, one brother, one sister. Everyone in his hometown fits this perfectly balanced poster-family mold. It’s a gift-wrapped location to raise a family, or so we are led to believe. His family, as are all families in this utopia-like society, has good communication methods and are supportive of one another. Lowry creates such a background to impact his theme of a protagonist teetering into the realm of isolationism. The author uses the omniscient point of view of Jonas throughout the story. As the reader envisions the story solely through Jonas, we see his family is supposed shares their feelings and emotions when issues arise. It’s almost too perfect. Yet perfection diminishes when we discover, through foreshadowing, that a certain pilot who was in a plane crash was to be â€Å"released from the community. † The speaker’s voice takes the situation lightly, even with a hint of humor—a marker that something is amiss. One of the main themes in The Giver is individuality verses conformity. This parallels Jonas’s struggles with isolationism. Lowry leads us to believe in this utopia. Yet, as Jonas and other children freely choose jobs to increase their own knowledge base, it becomes apparent that the Elders have another purpose for them. The Elder will be choosing what direction their future will go once they are twelve years-old. Later, Jonas shares a provocative dream he had about Fiona. Jonas is pleased with the pleasure his dream brings to him. Lowry wrote, And the nakedness, too. It was against the rules for children or adults to look at another’s nakedness; but the rule did not apply to newchildren or the Old. (p. 30) This statement speaks volumes about the sexual racism and tensions that were prevalent in the society of The Giver which can be compared to the pressures that revolved around the status of wealth in The Outsiders and Catcher in the Rye. The Giver’s protagonist accepts this rule as Lowry responds to the rule against seeing other people naked. Jonas was glad. It was a nuisance to keep oneself covered while changing for games, and the required apology if one had by mistake glimpsed another’s body was always awkward. (p. 30) The author gives us subtle hints of Jonas’s isolation that is to come. He liked the safety here in this warm and quiet room (p 30) According to the Elders ‘touching’ other people outside of one’s immediate family was deemed rude and inappropriate behavior. His mother informs him that he’ll be taking a pill to help him. This is one more way for the Elders to control their youth. In event, this leads to Jonas into isolationism. Jonas begins to feel sad. When Gabe is actually allowed to live with Jonas’s family, the community sets boundaries. Gabe can stay but they are not allowed to become emotionally attached to him. The communities’ means of controlling its people sinks Jonas further into isolation. Jonas speaks with the Chief Elder in chapter eight, bringing to light the impact of his isolation. The Chief Elder says, â€Å"But you will be faced now,† she explained gently, â€Å"with pain of a magnitude that none of us here can comprehend because it’s beyond our experience†¦. So, because the Elders, hid their true motive, children are torn emotionally from what was to be a perfect life. When we consider the novel, The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton we find many parallels with The Giver. Both have themes centered on isolationism and what sort of grave effects it can have on an individual, a family, or a town. There are also contrasting differences in these two novels. Both of w hich will be discussed in detail. The Outsiders is a story of two teenage gangs: the socs and the greasers. This novel is a classic East versus West scenario in a small Oklahoma town in the 1960’s. The soc’s—which is an abbreviation for socials—is a gang of affluent teenage hoodlums that drive fast cars, get the pretty girls, and have the social markings of upper class due to their family’s economic status. The greasers are the gang of teenage boys that come from the lower class, most being raised in broken homes where mom or dad—or sometimes neither parent—is around to provide guidance. One contrasting difference here is the fact that The Giver opens with families living in a utopia-like geographic area where every single family fits the perfect family unit of a father, mother, and two siblings. This family unit is structured with communication skills as well where issues are discussed on a daily basis. There are no racial tension or inequality issues to speak of in The Giver, either. S. E. Hinton, on the other hand, creates a real-life scenario that parallel’s lifestyles in Oklahoma in the 1960’s—which is when the book was written by an actual teenager. Thus, The Outsiders displays how dysfunctional families operate. There is constant conflict among siblings and taunting between the greasers and the socs. Being in a gang instantly offers the teenage-societies an extended family. They trust one another and wound die for each other. The families within the gang understand one another because they can relate to one another’s pain and suffering. Even when they are faced with such constant emotional struggles, physical entanglements, and trouble with law enforcement, the gang members are on the same wave-length and follow one another. In The Giver, the families live in an apparent pristine environment that directly opposes this. The parents and children form proper communication channels by discussing issues at dinnertime. Some of the characters in the Outsiders are lucky if they get dinner every night. Yet, the path of isolationism for Jonas is the genesis for the character’s circumstances. He cannot free himself of this downward spiral, even when he’s placed in such a positive environment. S. E. Hinton, on the other hand, displays characters coming together in the worst of times. Another parallel, in The Outsiders, ties into the issue of separation from family. Here, teens are often led to see things as only right or wrong. But, as we know, circumstances in life are rarely black and white. Too many intricacies are involved when teens are struggling to survive and discover their way to be viewed as simply all-right or all-wrong. The protagonists in both Hinton’s and Lowry’s novel have underlying subplots of youths trying to discover their place in life. Another comparison is the fact that both authors play into the common-knowledge ideal that says, life isn’t fair. Whether life is fair to the soc’s or the greasers is seen differently. The soc’s desire the glamour and status that goes along with their affluent upbringing. The greasers, on the other hand, desire a different image. They don’t want to be associated with the upper crust of society. According to a greaser, the money, clothes, and cars, are the last thing they’d ever view as a priority in life. In fact, they despise them, mainly for how society treats the lower class. However, both gangs are products of a lifestyle where parental upbringing doesn’t show respect to their children because parents are unwilling to listen to the youth’s ideas, desires, and needs. These are the precise components that led to Jonas’s separation from the family unit. In the novel, Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, we find similar connections in the background of each story. Both novels depict a protagonist coming from an affluent upbringing. Salinger’s novel is set in a post World War II time when the nation was trying to make a financial recovery. Holden goes to a private school and money is of no concern to him, his family, or his immediate peer group. The breadwinner in Catcher in the Rye, Holden’s father, is a corporate attorney that is only interested in money, golf, and fancy toys such as classy cars. Freedom from financial concerns is a comparative attribute for Holden and Jonas. Holden and his father don’t understand one another which can be compared to Jonas and a discussion he has with the Elders in Chapter 20. â€Å"What about you? Do you lie to me, too? † Jonas almost spat the question at The Giver. â€Å"I am empowered to lie. † This grave scene in The Giver brings to light how painful an entire childhood can be. It’s the parents and Elders were not true to their children and thus impacts the life of our protagonist. Holden’s father is also blinded by money and his status as a corporate lawyer. This puts barriers up between him and his son. These barriers are like lying to Holden, causing him harm as he tries to find his place in society. Just as Jonas is the protagonist and narrator, Holden is also the narrator and protagonist of Catcher in the Rye. The impact of the stories theme and character relationships in both stories can be felt on a deeper level when we experience the story solely through the protagonist’s eye. Another contrasting element between the protagonists for S. E. Hinton and J. D. Salinger is how the characters are introduced to the story. It is very clear that Holden is struggling with life. He is 16 years-old with partially gray hair, thin, and out of shape. He smokes cigarettes as well. Jonas, on the other hand, is raised in this Eden-like village where everyone moves through life free of stress and ailments. Furthermore, Holden is an angry teen who is very confused and depressed. He also displays characteristics of bigotry which contrasts Jonas’s lifestyle of equality. Holton, however, is an evil person but he can be kind and even thoughtful which matches the characteristic expectations of the children in The Giver. In fact, almost every person had similar physical features as can be seen in the following citation: Almost every citizen in the community had dark eyes. His parents did, and Lily did, and so did all of his group members and friends (p. 20). Yet a distinction is drawn in Jonas as the author followed the above citation with this: But there are a few exceptions: Jonas, himself, and a female Five who he had noticed the different, lighter eyes. Thus, we are given hints of Jonas’s differences. This contrasts the obvious struggles that are in Holton’s persona. As I looked collectively at the comparisons and contrasting differences between The Giver and the two other novels, I found the likenesses to be more apparent than the differences. Each of the novels under study all had a theme of isolationism. On top of this, the protagonists and most of the minor characters in all the novels were children and young adults who struggled with loss, depression, conflict, and illness. Each story brought the reality of separation and isolationism to light as the youth banded together to overcome obstacles. The stories display how great an impact deceit, control, and lack of compassion can have on individuals growing into adulthood. People can shut down and sink into isolation. The burden of all this can either lead people away from following their dreams—sometimes destroying themselves into a pit of isolation. The strong-willed, however, find a way to learn from these challenging situations and discover ways to help themselves so that they, in turn, can help friends and loved ones.

Business Ethics Current Event Example

Business Ethics Current Event Example Business Ethics Current Event – Article Example Business Ethics Current Event Fraud’s Triangle of motivation communicates an unshareable need, which arises withinan individual’s life. It has been argued that this one of the areas of the Fraud’s triangle that an organization has least, if any, control over as well as being the most difficult to access and offer. This need can arise from a wide range of things from ordinary and common life issues to ones that are more nefarious. With increases in that need in an individual, the risk of the person acting in contrary to an organizations policies and code of ethics also increases. The problem with the motivation factor in the Fraud’s triangle results from the need perceived by employees as being unshareable. In recent times, such things as changes in finance terms can cause embarrassment and prevent an employee from sharing their hardships with their employers. There are varieties of things that can motivate people to violate ethics policies or commit fraud. Such include, a corporate controller taking part in an extra-marital affair, sales representatives being affected and infected with AIDS, sales person being addicted to heroin and a chief operating officer being blackmailed among others. Depending on the laws as well as policies within an organization, email and internet use could be monitored, which could bring issues that could affect a person’s motivation. Another way that motivation factors can be monitored is through those employees with supervisory responsibilities receiving training about the Fraud Triangle. This helps raise supervisory awareness for the commitment of fraud for an organization to address the problem. Consideration of the Fraud Triangle’s motivation factor is also important in helping an organization prioritize identified compliance risks. Work citedHanson, John. Incorporating the Fraud Triangle into Compliance Risk Assessments: The â€Å"Motivation† Factor. Retrieved on 21st April 2012 f rom corporatecomplianceinsights.com/incorporating-the-fraud-triangle-into-compliance-risk-assessments-the-motivation-factor/. Print.

The challenges nurses are facing with nursing informatics Essay

The challenges nurses are facing with nursing informatics - Essay Example According to Ball (303), Informatics thus refers to the process of modification of a discipline by combining information as well as knowledge to its discipline. In fact, it is an acknowledged specialty for nurses who are registered, but it poses several challenges to the profession of nursing. Nurses have experienced other problems as a result of the innovations in means of communication, improved transport systems as well as the created global economies. This has compelled the nurse to accept the universal perception of health policies, which has led to the changing roles of the nurses, as they have had to incorporate the global phenomena into the primary health care system.The use of technology has been the greatest challenge that the nurses have had to face. They have had to use computers in health caregiving, administration duties as well as in education and research (Ericksen, 1). Basically, informatics is incorporated in every task of a nurse. All these challenges facing the nu rsing profession are caused by advancements in technology, reforms in the healthcare sector, too much workload and little number of professional nurses as well as the increased lifespan of the patients.This is because research has shown that the number of healthcare providers has always been less than that of the health seekers. Technology, therefore, becomes the only solution to this growing burden. Nurses must be kept abreast with the all the advances in technology to enhance the quality as well as the price of care given to patients.

A comparison of Still Lifes by Paul Cezanne and Francisco de Zurbran Essay

A comparison of Still Lifes by Paul Cezanne and Francisco de Zurbran - Essay Example Most impressionist paintings were done out of doors, many depicting scenes from everyday life, often with several figures and using bright, vibrant colors, and without any emphasis upon exact details. This is more unusually is an indoor scene and a still life, but there are still the bright colors and the lack of exact detail. It is exactly what it was meant to be – an impression of a kitchen scene. The items are very casually laid out, on what appears to be a kitchen table, almost with the appearance of being thrown down, and the background looks as if the artist has used it to clean his brushes, including as it does tiny amounts of many different colors, yet at the same time the viewer is able to distinguish exactly just what is being depicted as clearly as in the much more formal and realistic work earlier work by Zurbà ¡ran. Impressionism was not abstract art.